How Multiplication Works

Multiplication is fast adding. Four times three means four groups of three, which is the same as three plus three plus three plus three. When you see a multiplication problem, you can always slow it down into adding if you need to.

Arrays help you see multiplication. Four rows of three dots is twelve dots, however you count them. That is why four times three and three times four give the same answer - turning the array sideways does not change the number of dots.

Knowing your times tables makes everything faster later: division, fractions, area, and algebra all lean on them. Practice a little every day and the facts start to feel like old friends.